By Abhinav Shashank, CEO & Co-Founder, Innovacer, Inc.
A new complex rule is about to change the entire US healthcare industry. It will replace the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) and streamline three programs. The NPRM for MACRA was passed in 2015 and after the comments and feedback from numerous healthcare experts, the final rule with comment period has been released by CMS.
In the final rule, CMS has responded to over 4000 comments in a document which is over 2300 pages long! Some of these comments have been implemented in the law. As a result of this feedback friendly approach, substantial changes have been made.
The New MACRA after changes
The law aims to bring in unified policies that will add greater value to the healthcare system through the new Quality Payment Program (QPP). The program rewards in two ways:
- Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS)
- Advanced Alternate Payment Models (Advanced APMs)
Chance to adapt
To help the physicians get used to the program, CMS has declared the first year, i.e. 2017, as a ‘transition year’. There will be four options available to physicians in the ‘transition year’:
- Clinicians can choose to report one measure in the quality performance category; one activity in CPIA or report the measures in ACI to avoid the negative adjustments. Alternatively, if they choose to report none, they will receive negative adjustments of 4%.
- Report for minimum 90 days more than one quality measure, more than one CPIA or more than the required ACI to avoid negative adjustments and qualify for possible MIPS positive adjustments.
- Ideally, report for a year or more than 90 days, and maximize the chances to receive higher positive adjustments.
- Participate in the Advanced APMs program, and if the provider can see a ‘sufficient’ portion of the Medicare Patients, they will be able to qualify for 5% bonus incentive payment to be paid out in the year 2019.
Merit-based Incentive Payment System
Under this program, Eligible clinicians will get payment adjustments based on the quality, cost, and other measures related to care. This program will see the “sunset” of three existing programs namely:
- Physician Quality Reporting System
- Physician Value-based Payment Modifier
- EHR Incentive Program
The term “sunset” is crucial here as CMS clarified that due to the regulatory nature of the text and its statutory requirements, they cannot delete the text from the public records, rather they will amend it with a date which will mark the end of the program.
CMS will use the Composite Performance Score (CPS) to measure the performance of participants. This score was designed to comprise four components. The new rule has seen some significant changes in each category and the biggest change is the exclusion of the resource category to calculate the performance of the participant. The weight of each category has been accordingly changed:
- Quality 60%
- Advanced Care Information 25%
- Clinical Practice Improvement Activities 15%
- Resource Use (or Cost)
However, CMS would still measure the performance of practices in the Resource category to provide feedback. These weights are subject to change, and by 2021 the Cost category will weigh 30%.
CMS has also changed the criteria to determine whether a practice would be exempt from MIPS or not. The small practices are exempt from MIPS if they do not reach the low volume threshold. The low volume threshold has been increased to $30,000 in Medicare part B allowed charges, or less than 100 Medicare patients. A significant change from the previous threshold – which was set on “$10,000 in Medicare Part B charges AND less than or equal to 100 Medicare Patients.
CMS will provide technical assistance of total $100 million ($20 Million each year) to small practices, rural areas, and practices located in Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) and other forms of assistance to MIPS EC (Eligible Clinician) practices with fewer than 15 ECs.
Quality Category
Every year on November 1st, a list of quality measures will be published in the Federal Register. According to the Final Rule, an Eligible Clinician under MIPS is required to report on at least six measures which, if possible, should include an outcome measure. If fewer than six measures are applicable, then the Eligible Clinician is required to report on all the applicable measures. A MIPS Eligible Clinician must continue this process for 90 days in order to receive positive adjustments.
A MIPS EC or group can report on six measures or specialty-specific measure set or subspecialty measure set. If there are more than six applicable measures than EC can choose to report on any six measures within a set. No matter how many measures are in the set, an EC is required to report on at least one outcome measure, and if there is no outcome measure than s/he has to report on a high priority measure (appropriate sue, patient safety, efficiency, patient experience, and care coordination).
Clinical Practice Improvement Activities (CPIA)
CMS has defined ‘improvement activities’ as the ones that aid the broader aims of the healthcare industry, such as, enhanced care coordination, engagement, population health management, and equitability in health.
After receiving feedback from many experts, CMS has reduced the number of activities that are required to achieve the full score from six medium-weighted or three high weighted activities to four medium-weighted or two-high weighted activities. Besides this, for small practices, rural areas, and practices located in Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) and non-patient facing MIPS ECs, it is just one high-weighted or two medium-weighted activities.
Advancing Care Information (ACI)
This category focuses on a health information exchange through the use of Certified Electronic Health Record (CEHRT). CMS in the final rule with comment period has reduced the number of measures from eleven to five, and all the remaining ones would be optional to report on. Reporting on optional measures will help MIPS ECs qualify for a bonus.
Cost
For the transition year, the weight of the Cost category is zero percent. However, after the transition year, there will be a gradual increase in the weight of it. However, CMS does not require the ECs to report on this measure. Additionally, CMS has finalized ten episode-based measures.
Advanced APMs
All the providers who receive a significant amount of reimbursements from Advanced APMs and are able to bear more than the nominal risk will be recognized as advanced APM. The set standard by CMS is that a potential downside of eight percent of all Medicare reimbursements or three percent (reduced from four percent in proposed rule) of the expected expenditure for which the provider is responsible under APM.
There are two types of Advanced APMs:
- Advanced APMs
- Other payer advanced APMs (CMS has retracted the proposal of marginal risk and minimum loss ratio except for these APMs)
CMS will explore the models that qualify for Advanced APM through enhanced ACO Track 1+ model for 2018 and will also revisit the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement.
To qualify as Advanced APM:
- Require to use CEHRT
- Provide payment for services based on the quality measures comparable to ones in MIPS
- Bear more than nominal risk or become a Medicaid Home Model
The MIPS APM (existing APMS that do not meet the statutory requirements of Advanced APMs) will be required to report under MIPS guidelines and will be subject to payment adjustments of MIPS.
CMS declared that it expects the following models to qualify as advanced APMs under the program for the 2017 program year:
- The Comprehensive End Stage Renal Disease Care Model;
- The Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) model;
- The Next Generation Accountable Care Organization (ACO) Model; and
- Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) Tracks 2 and Track 3.
About the Author: Abhinav Shashank is the CEO & Co-Founder of Innovaccer. He is an expert in entrepreneurial skills and robust technologies. His goal is to create World’s most intuitive Big Data Platform which would revolutionize Population Health Management.
Innovaccer Inc is a Silicon Valley-headquartered, Data Analytics startup. Innovaccer’s aim is to simplify complex data from all points of care, streamline the information and help organizations make powerful decisions based on the key insights and predictions from their data.
